Portable washer for diapers



Feb. 28, 1961 D. F. DICKEY PORTABLE WASHER FOR DIAPERS 2 Sheets-Sheet 1Filed Nov. 12; 1957 INVENTOR. DAV/0 E D/CKEY BY. @AM 15 ifl Feb. 28,1961 D. F. DlCKEY PORTABLE WASHER FOR DIAPERS 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 a w, a w

/ -/INVENTOR.'

///s ,4 77ORNEYS "PM P Filed Nov. 12, 1957 PORTABLE WASHER FOR DIAPERSDavid F. Dickey, Pittsburgh, Pa. (4863 Rivoii Drive, Macon, Ga.)

Filed Nov. 12, 1957, Ser. No. 695,948

' 9 Claims. 01. 68-181) This invention relates to a new and improvedwashing apparatus or device in the nature of a detachable, portabledevice that will be practical of installation and efficient in use. Animportant phase of the invention relates to a washing device having anadaptable and quickly mountedand dismounted positive-attaching orconnector means.

I have found that there is an urgent need for a suitable household typeof washing device or apparatus that will be practical in all phases ofits utilization. This need has arisen irrespective of the growingimportance of servicing agencies for infants wear such as diapers. Suchagencies customarily provide the housewife with a bundle of cleandiapers or other infant clothing and a suitable dirty clothing containerfrom which collections are made periodically, for example, weekly. Evenif the housewife customarily chooses to herself wash the infantsclothing, she wishes to, as far as possible, accumulate a bundle ofdirty clothing over a period of days.

When the infants clothing or wear is dirtied by oifal or dirty solids,it is imperative that prompt action be taken to remove them and, as aresult, it is customary for the housewife to employ a rough washing-outoperation at the time of occurrence, and to then store the diaper orother article of clothing until the usual washing time.

Although others have provided washing devices devised for a similarpurpose, none of them have been practical, as I have determined, for oneessential reason. That is, a quick but highly positive and effectiveattachment must be made with a conventional water spout or faucet andwithout the need for especially threaded or other types of connectionsor nipple ends on the faucet. That is, from the standpoint of prior artdevices, I found the key or crux of the problem must deal with theprovision of an effective holding and sealing type of connection thatmay be conveniently connected to any water faucet throughout thehousehold, and that may be taken on a trip and connected to anyconventional faucet encountered.

Briefly stated, I determined that various wash bowls and their fixtureshave different shapes and sizes of bowl walls and mounting of theirfaucets orspouts. For example, some ceramic wash bowls have a wateroutlet that is formed integrally therewith, while other bowls have ametal spout that projects inwardly from and is mounted thereon. Somebowls have relatively flat bottoms or sides or back wall portions whileothers are more curved or of irregular shape. This complicates theproblem of an adaptable type of mounting or connecting means.

I have determined that it is essential to provide a type of connectionthat will not leak, that will utilize full water pressure, and that willnot blow-out or spray the user while it is in an attached relationship,

Another factor was the need for highly intensewater action on the dirtywear, but automatically, without, the necessity for manual operations ofany kind and, in such 2,972,878 Patented Feb. 28,- 196-1 efficient andeffective washing device that is adaptable and will provide an improvedwashing action;

Another object has been to devise and provide a simple and quick-washunit suitable for infants wear:

Another object has been to determine and fully meet all the factorsinvolved in providing a solution to the problem and incorporate such ina simple but effective form of portable apparatus or device; I

A further object of my invention has been to provide a portable washingdevice whose housing may be mounted to discharge soil directly into asuitable agency;

A still further object of my invention has been to devise a new andimproved portable washing device and particularly, a small adaptable,inexpensive and eflicient device for removing or washing out soil fromarticles, such as infant diapers.

Figure 1 is a somewhat diagrammatic side view in elevation and partialsection showing the construction of my invention and its utilization;

Figure 2 is an enlarged sectional view in elevation- Figure S'is anenlarged fragmental sectional detail in elevation taken along the lineVV of Figure 2;

And Figure 6 is a fragmental sectional detail in elevation taken alongthe line VI-VI of Figure 3.

In carrying out my invention, I determined that a device to solve theproblem involved should: (1) essentially provide an adaptable, efficientconnector to a conventional water faucet or outlet spout of a bowl orthe like, that will be leak-proof under Water pressure, and' that willbe adaptable to various types of installations; (2) for thoroughcleaning, provide agitation of such a nature that there will be apulsating as wellas a swirling action upon the article of wear beingwashed; (3) provide a simple apparatus in which the washing action willbe continued automatically as long as its lid is closed and will bediscontinued and the water drained when the lid is opened; (4) provide aportable device that may be easily positioned or mounted to dischargedirectly into a suitable receiving agency, such as a toilet bowl. I havemet all of these factors in my apparatus or combination which providescorrelated and interdependent action of elements in its construction.

I cannot overemphasize the importance of a practical and suitable typeof quickly-detachable water spout connecting means.

In carrying out my invention, I utilize a faucet attaching means orconnector 15 that has a nozzle-fitting connecting portion or plug-likesealing head part 20 at one end thereof and a bowl-positioning portiontread, or clamping foot part 32 at the other end thereof, and with asuitable fluid connection leading from the sealing head 20. The sealinghead 20 and the clamping, foot 34 are pivotally mounted at 19 and 30 oncooperating vbarrel member 16 and an adjustable stem or rod 24 toprovide them with adaptability. A quick snap-out-and-in type of lever orlatching mechanism is employed to expand or elongate the barrel and stemwith respect to each other and provide a locking or positive holdingposition by applying a lengthwise-outward or spreading force between theoppositely-positioned head and foot portions. Conversely, the expandablelever or latching mechanism is moved or swung to a retracted,contracted, collapsed or lengthwise-shortened position to move the headand foot portions towards each other and detach or release the connectorfrom a fluid outlet faucet 11.

A suitable flexible hose or other connecting means 21 is providedbetween the connector 15 and a washing means or apparatus 35. Thewashing means 35 has a pair of inner and outer container, housing bodymembers or container walls 36 and 45, the outer of which has a closureor lid 40. The outer body 36 has open top and bottom end portions andextends upwardly beyond and defines an inner spillway chamber with andalong the inner body 45. The inner housing body 45 is shown in asubstantially radially-inwardly-spaced and concentric re lationship withthe outer housing body 36. The inner body 45 has a closed-off bottom orcontainer wall 45a at its lower end portion, so that washing waterleaving its inner or washing chamber must (during the washing cycle)rise or leave through or spill over lip edges 45b of its top end portionto flow out and fall downwardly along the spillway chamber or spacingbetween the inner and outer housing bodies.

The inner housing body 45 has a valve 47 that is normally resilientlyurged to an open position by a spring 51 and is automatically moved to aclosed position when the lid 40 of the outer housing body or container36 is closed, as during a washing cycle. The valve 47 is connected to anoutlet duct 46 leading from the lower end portion of the inner housingbody 45 and below the outer body 36. As noted, the inner body 45projects below the side walls of-the outer body 36. Means is shown forlatching or holding thelid 40 in a closed relationship during thewashing operation and guiding it into such a position.

Brackets or offset arms of a positioning frame 38 are secured to boththe inner and outer housing bodies to project from the apparatus toposition it on or over the lips or edges 12a of a suitable toilet, watercloset or flush bowl, container or bucket 12.

A water nozzle 55 is shown carried by the lid 40 to direct a stream ofwater at an angle or somewhat tangentially within the bounds or walls ofthe inner housing body or member 45 to provide a circular or swirlingaction of the water Within its'washing chamber.

.The nozzle 55 has an aspirator tube 56 which is shown projectingdownwardly or vertically through the lid 46 to supply air. Since thetube 56 projects outwardly of the lid, a connection may be made to asuitable liquid detergent or soap (cleansing agent) drip-feeding device,although ordinarily this is not necessary. Its primary purpose is tosupply ambient air to an open portion or transverse or side passageway55d that is connected to an aspirator bore portion or central chamber55b of the nozzle (see Figure In accordance with the operation of mydevice, when water introduced through nozzle 55 under its normalswirling action reaches a near-top level as to the walls of'the innercontainer or housing body 45 (see, for example, level d of Figure 2),the water backs up within an outlet bore portion 55a of the nozzle toclose olf its exit or open end, and thereby cause air to be drawn intochamber 55b through aspirator tube 56 and side passageway 55a'. In thisconnection, the water level rising into bore 55d produces an effect likethe vane usually permanently located in a similar position in anaspirator. As soon as air is drawn into chamber 55b and is entrained inthe water jet being directed toward thebottom of container 45, theturbulence of the water contained in container 45 is markedly increased,by virtue of the air Which has been driven to the bottom of container45, and which then rapidly rises as bubbles, seeking to escape from thewater in container 45. This causes an aerating action as to the articleor material being washed. The increased turbulent action of the waterfeed thus-produced tends to throw considerably more Water from the innercontainer 45 over the spillway into the spillway chamber, so that withina short time the water'level is lowered, until the exit or open end ofbore 55a is uncovered (see, for example, level e of Figure 2). At thistime, the aspirating action ceases and the water level again buildsupand the action is repeated. For example, for a normal city waterpressure of about 55 to 70 pounds per square inch, this pulsating actionmay occur about every 0.5 to 2 seconds.

As to details of the construction employed to illustrate my invention,in Figure 1 the open end 11a of the conventional water faucet 11 (suchas a hot water faucet or a combined faucet nozzle from a hot and coldmixer) is, as shown in Figure 4, engaged by the sealing head 20 of theconnector 15. The head 20 is shown of cone-shaped construction and ashaving a sleeve layer of sealing material, such as of impregnated fabricor of rubber, to

form a sealing engagement within bore walls of the open end 11a of thefaucet. The gasket is preferably of a cone-shaped slip-on type for thecone-shaped head 20.

A fitting head 18 carries the coneshaped head 20 and has a forwardly orupwardly-projecting cylindrical pipe or tube portion 18a provided with awater flow bore or passageway therethrough. The bore 18a is connected oropen to the bore or passageway of a side arm portion 1812. Ahose-mounting, serrated, reduced end portion projects from the side armportion 18b and also has a hollow bore or passageway therethroughconnecting with the bore of 18b. A flexible hose 21 of rubber, plasticor metal has one end portion securely mounted over the portion 18c toproject therefrom.

The longitudinally-projecting hollow barrel member 16 has a pair ofupper bifurcated portions or pivot ears 17 that employ a pair of pivotpins or set screws 19 to swingably or pivotally carry the head 18. Thebore 16:: of the barrel member 16 is preferably smooth and slidablyreceives one end portion of the adjustable stem 24 therein. To provideposition-retaining action of stem 24 within the bore 16a, I haveprovided the stem with threads (as shown in Figure 4) which engagecomplementary threads in mounting head 25. This provides for adjustmentof the overall extended length of stem 24 and barrel 16 to adapt theconnector 15 to the varying distances between faucet and walls ofdifferent wash bowls.

An operating arm or lever 26 of half-cylindrical shape has a pair ofbifurcated end portions or pivot ears 26a that project upwardly atsubstantially right angles thereto. A pair of pivot pins 27 operativelyconnect the ears 26a to opposite sides of the opposite or lower endportion of the barrel member 16, so that said operating lever 26 may bemoved between a fully down or expanding position, as indicated by thefull lines of Figure 4, and an upper, releasing or contracted position,as indicated by the dot and dash line position of the same figure. Anut-like threaded ring or enlarged mounting head portion 25 is securedon the lower end portion of the adjustable stem 24. A pair ofconnecting, operating links 29 are pivotally secured by rivet pins 28 toan inner end portion of the operating lever 26 at the base of theoperating ears 26a. Pivot pins or rivets 30 operatively connect theother ends of the pair of links 29 to opposed sides of the mounting head25.

As shown in Figures 1 and 4, the connector links 29 cooperate with theears 26a to expand and contract the lever mechanism and to move the stem24 inwardly and outwardly within the barrel member 16.

The lower end portion of the stem 24 has a mounting ring or head portion24a on which is pivotally secured the clamping foot part 32 It will benoted that an upper shoulder portion of the foot 32 is bifurcated and,is

pivotally mounted on the ring or. head 24a by athroughextending pivotpin 33. The lower portion of the foot part 32 has an integral foot plateportion 32a projecting transversely or at right angles thereto. Acut-out gasket 34 of a suitable material, such as rubber, is interlacedover the plate portion 32a to directly. abut the wall of the bowl 10.The foot part 32 is indicated in a fully expanded position in Figure 4by solid lines and in a fully retracted position by dot and dash linesof the same figures.

Means for securing or mounting the inner and outer container members 35and 45 in their previously mentioned position consists, as shownparticularly in. Figures 2 and 3, of a positioning frame 38. The frame38 is shown of T-shape and as having cross-horizontal. portions 38a thatare upwardly-bent at their outer ends toprovide vertical or sideportions 38b. The side portions 38b are bent at their upper ends toprovide horizontal, outwardly-projecting mounting portions or arms 380.As shown particularly in Figure 2, the portions 330 are provided withprotective sleeves 39 of rubber or fabric, so as to rest upon the upperedges or lips 12a of the walls of the container or toilet bowl 12. Inthis way, the washer is mounted by means of three outwardly-projectingarms 380 over the open top portion of the container 12 and in anon-tilting relationship therewith.

Under-supporting metal strap members or pieces 37 are secured, as byweld metal or solder w, to mount side wall portions of the inner andouter housing members 45 and 35 in a spaced, spillway-chamber definingrelationship with respect to each other, and to thus secure the outerhousing member 35 directly to the supporting frame 38. The closed bottomwall 45a of the inner container member 45 is in a like manner solderedor welded to the horizontally projecting portions 38a.

The lid 40 may, like the inner and outer housing or container members 45or 36, be of metal construction. The lid 40 is shown provided with abottom rim edge 40a to receive an overlapping circular sealing gasket 41of suitable resilient material, such as rubber or fabric. The lid 40 isshown swingably mounted or secured by a hinge 42 to the upper endportion of the outer container 36 (see Figure 3).

A bail 43 has its lower end portions 43c projecting through holes inopposite sides of the outer container 36 to pivotally mount it thereon.A pair of opposed or vertically-spaced-apart and horizontally-projectingopposed shoulders 43a and 43c are connected by a vertical portion 43b tohold the lid 40 in a securely clampeddown or latched, closed position onthe outer container 36. It Will be noted that the upper shoulder 43aabuts the lid 46 and that the lower shoulder abuts a circular rim 3612that projects from the side wall of the upper end portion of the outercontainer 36. The pivot ends 43s are connected by a vertical portion 43dto the shoulder portion 430.

Referring particularly to Figure 6, the lid 40' and the outer container36 have means for positively aligning and guiding them into a closedposition with respect to each other. In this connection, the lid 40 hasa side-projecting mounting lug portion 40b that carries adownwardlyprojecting guide pin 44. The pin 44 is adapted to abut againstthe rim edge portion 40a of the lid and to project through a guide holein an angle piece projection 360. The angle piece 36c projectshorizontally-outwardly and is secured to the outer container or body 36.

The wash water supply nozzle 55 is carried by the outer container 35 andis shown as mounted on and as projecting downwardly at an angle throughthe lid or top portion 40. As shown in Figure 2, it may be securelymounted by weld or solder metal w. The upper or water supply inlet endof the nozzle -5 is shown provided with a male, threaded end portion552; A connector part or nipple 58 is shown as having aninternallythreaded nut collar portion that is adapted to besecured onthe threads 55c and form a water-tight seal therewith; The connectorpart or nipple 58 is shown as having an upwardly-projecting reducedmounting portion 58a that is serrated to securely receive and mount theother end of the flexible hose 21.

As shown particularly in Figure 5, the nozzle 55 has an inlet boreportion or passageway 550 connected by an intermediate aspirator boreportion or intermediate passageway 55b of reduced diameter to an outletor bottom end bore portion 55a. Thus, when there is no effective suctionthrough side air connection 5511 to the reduced or aspirator passageway55b or chamber provided thereby,

a jet-like pressure action will be effected on the delivery of waterthroughthe outlet bore 550. As shown in Figure 5, side bore ortransverse passageway 55d isconnected centrally to an aspirator bore orpassageway 56a, of the tube 56. The bore 56a extends longitudinally ofthe aspirator tube 56 and is closed at its bottom end and is open at itsupper end, as shown in Figure 2, so that when the level of water withinthe outer container 45 is below the open end of bore 55a (see also Fig.5), there will be a normal pressure flow of water from the nozzle 55.However, when, as before pointed out, the level of water Within thewashing chamber of the container 45 rises to close off the open end ofthe bore 55a, then a jet-like stream of high pressure water, withconsiderable entrained air, passes through and out of the nozzle.

The upper end of the aerator tube 56, as shown in Figure 2, is secured,as by weld or solder metal w, to project downwardly through the lid 40.The nozzle 55' projects into the washing chamber of the innercontaineror body 45 to supply washing water thereto. The water projection isindicated by arrows b and the direction of movement is indicated by thearrows c. retard the diaper or other article of wear a from freelyrotating or moving circularly with the circular agitation or movement ofthe water within the washing chamber and about the vertical orlongitudinal axis of the inner container, I have provided a flexiblemetal link or chain 60 (see Figure 2) that may be secured at its lowerend, as by weld metal or solder, to the bottom wall 45a of the innercontainer member 45 toengage with the article be ing washed.

The outlet valve 47 has a U or somewhat channel'- shaped gasket-mountingseating portion 47:: whose edges engage into side walls of a seatinggasket 48 that is positioned in an inclined plane'to abut against orseal with seating edges of an end portion 460 of the outlet duct 46; Theoutlet valve 47 has an upper mounting collar portion 47b to receive andto be securely mounted onan outwardly-bent or inclined lower end portionof a longitudinally-upwardly-projecting valve operating rod 49. As shownparticularly in Figure 2, the rod 49 is slidably carried or positionedwithin a longitudinal mounting sleeve member49a.

It will be noted that upper and lower brackets 53 and 50 carry thesleeve member 49a and secure it to projeet inwardly from the inner wallsof the outer container member or housing body 36. The valve operatingrod 49 extends slidably through the sleeve 49a upwardly towards the lid40. A bumper or abutment end 54.- is carried on the upper end portion ofthe rod 49 and, when the lid 40 is closed, is moved from the dot anddash lme position of Figure 2 to the full line, due to its engagementwith the under-side of the lid. This, in turn, expands a spring 51 and,against its resiliency, causes the valve 47 to move to and to bepositively held in a closedposition.

The lower bracket 50 is shown as carrying a hook portion 50a for theupper end of the resilient spring 51. A hook 52 is shown as projectingoutwardly from a lower end portion of the rod 49 to carry the lower endof the spring. The spring 51 normally resiliently urges the Valve 47 tothe upper or dot and dash or open positiorrof 7 Figure 2 and thusresists the closing movement induced by the bumper 54.

What I claim is: 1. A portable quick-washing device suitable forconnection to the faucet of a wash bowl and for Washing an article suchas infants wear which comprises, a pair of inner and outer housingmembers having wall portions in a spaced-apart relation with each other,said inner member having an open top end portion located below the topend portion of said, outer member to define a lip spillway and having aclosed bottom end portion to define a washing chamber therein, saidouter housing member being open at its top and bottom end portions todefine a vertical spillway chamber with said inner housing member and abottom discharge outlet about the bottom end portion of said innerhousing member, a closure adapted to'cooperate wtih the top end portionof said outer member and close it off after an article has beenintroduced into the washing chamber of said inner member, aliquid-introducing nozzle carried by said closure for said outer memberand having a lower portion positioned below said lip spillway to projectliquid into the washing chamber of said inner member, and pulsatilemeans operatively associated with said nozzle for automatically loweringthe level of liquid within said inner housing member from apre-determincd level along said lower portion of said nozzle to a leveltherebelow.

2. A washing device as defined in claim 1 wherein, said pulsatile meansis an aspirator portion having an outwardly-open air tube connectedthereto; and the lower portion of said nozzle has an outlet endextending down wardly within said washing chamber to effect an aspiratoraction on the washing liquid through said nozzle when the washing liquidrises above the level of the outlet end of said nozzle and until thelevel of washing liquid is lowered by overflow over the spillway of saidinner member to a level below the outlet end of said nozzle.

3. A device as defined in claim 1 wherein, means hinges said closure tothe upper open end portion of said outer member, and said nozzle, andsaid pulsatile means is securely mounted on said closure to projecttherethrough.

4. A device as defined in claim 1 wherein, an outlet valve is positionedfor intermittent sealing engagement with said bottom discharge outlet toselectively seal-oft and drain the washing chamber, spring means isoperativelyconnected to resiliently urge said outlet valve to an openposition for draining the washing chamber, and rod means, is operativelypositioned between said valve and said closure and is operativelyactivated by said closure to close said valve against the resiliency ofsaid spring means when said closure is moved to close oft said outermember.

5. A portable quick-washing device suitable for connection to a liquidsupply faucet and for washing an article of infants wear such as adiaper which comprises, a pair of vertically-projecting inner and outerhousing members, said housing members having side walls in aspaced-apart relation with each other, said outer housing member beingopen at its top and bottom end portions, said inner housing member beingopen at its top end portion to provide a lip spillway and having aclosure wall across its bottom end portion to define a washing chambertherein, said outer housing member projecting above said inner member todefine a liquid spillway chamber therewith and downwardly therealong anda bottom discharge outlet along the outside of said inner housing forsaid lid downwardly into an upper portion of the washing chamber of saidinner housing member to substantially fill said chamber with washingliquid, said nozzle being positioned to direct the liquid in an inclinedpath and cause a circular agitation of the washing liquid within thewashing chamber, and aspirator means Within said nozzle for periodicallyentraining air in the liquid outflow therefrom when the level of washingliquid within said inner housing member encompasses said nozzle toeficct a higher pressure flow of liquid into the washing chamber andpurge excess liquid over said lip spillway.

6. A device as defined in claim 5 wherein, said nozzle has a liquidsupply bore portion, an intermediate aspirator bore portion of smallerdiameter than said liquid supply bore portion, and an outlet boreportion of larger diameter than said aspirator bore portion; anaspirator tube is connected to said aspirator bore to normally supplyair thereto, and said outlet bore portion is positioned to projectdownwardly within the washing chamber so as to be periodically immersedin wash-in" liquid upon a rise of such liquid in said washing chamber,said aspira tor bore portion being activated by the periodic immersionof said outlet bore portion to entrain air in the washing liquid passingthrough said nozzle into the washing chamber and purge the liquid oversaid lip spillway and out of the washing chamber to lower the level ofliquid therein below said outlet bore portion.

7. A portable quick-washing device suitable for an article of infantswear such as a diaper and which is to be connected to a source ofwashing water and to be positioned over a liquid-receiving container andwhich comprises, a pair of inner and outer housing members, said housingmembers having upright enclosing walls that are transverselyspaced-apart with respect to each other, said outer housing member beingopen at its top and bottom end portions and projecting upwardly aboveand defining a vertical spillway chamber along said inner housingmember, said inner housing member having an open top end portion and aclosed-off bottom end portion and projecting downwardly below said outerhousing member to define a Washing chamber, means mounting said innerand outer housing members in their defined relationships and havingoutwardly-projecting arms to rest upon edges of and to position saidmembers over the liquid-receiving container, a lid swingably mounted onthe top end portion of said outer member to close it off after anarticle has been introduced within the Washing chamber of said innermember, an outlet duct connected to the bottom end portion of said innermember to drain said inner member, a valve operatively associated withsaid duct, means normally urging said valve to an open position withrespect to said duct, means operatively positioned between said valveand said lid to automatically close said valve when said lid is swung toa closed position with respect to said outer housing member, and aliquid supply nozzle carried by said lid and projecting downwardlytowards the washing chamber to project liquid in a circulatory path intothe washing chamber to wash the article positioned therein.

8. A device as defined in claim 7 wherein, said nozzle has an aspiratorportion and an air supply means connected thereto and projectingupwardly through said lid, and means is carried by said outer housingmember to latch said lid in a closed position with respect to the upperend portion of said outer housing member.

9. A device as defined in claim 5 wherein, said nozzle is positioned inan angular relationship with respect to a side wall of said innerhousing member to efiect a circular agitation of the washing fluid aboutthe vertical axis of said inner housing member, and chain means ispositioned within the washing chamber of and is secured to said innerhousing member for engaging and retarding circular movement of thearticle being washed with respect to the circular agitation of thewashing liquid.

9 References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTSGarrett Aug. 23, 1881 Bergenheim Mar. 1, 1887 5 Schmitt July 7, 1908Rounds May 7, 1912 Schwoerer Mar. 4, 1913 Traver Oct. 14, 1924 KleynJune 15, 1926 10 Judy Sept. 14, 1943 10 Wotring June 10, 1947 BentleySept. 27, 1949 Gilbert'sen May 6, 1952 Castner Mar. 10, 1953 Rutten Apr.21, 1953 Kurth Oct. 6, 1953 Jawett July 23, 1957 FOREIGN PATENTS GreatBritain of 1905 Norway Oct. 13, 1952

